John+Silveria

=Down Syndrome= By: John D. Silveria G Block Biology Mrs. Ferreira

Table of Contents:

 * Description
 * Symptoms
 * Treatments
 * Side Effects
 * Prevention/Control
 * Associated Chromosome
 * How it is Inherited
 * People with the disease

Description
Down Syndrome is a genetic mutation that causes health defects (primarily to do with the heart), mental illness, decreased IQ (an average of 50), abnormal physical development, and intellectual inabilities. It is one of the most common chromosomal disorders in humans.

Symptoms
Symptoms of Down Syndrome are often noticeable after birth. It is both a mental and physical disease. Those who have the disease display the symptoms to different degrees, often noticeably.

Treatments
There are no known cures for Down Syndrome, but "treatments" do exist. Most people with the disease require special assistance. Some with the disease have undergone plastic surgery to reduce the facial characteristics of the disease. A majority of people with Down Syndrome usually require hearing aids and speech therapy.

Side Effects
The side effects of Down Syndrome are numerous, but do vary. Some people express the disease more than others. Drugs are not usually prescribed to affected individuals, but some people have shown interest in creating a drug that could fight the disease.

Prevention/Control
Most individuals with Down Syndrome are infertile. For males with the disease, it is typically impossible (or extremely rare) to have a child. For women with the disease, it is usually uncommon, but in a few instances, possible to have a child. What this means is that a it would be quite difficult for someone with Down Syndrome to produce a child. Since it is not a typically inherited disease, there is no direct way to prevent or control the disease.

Associated Chromosome
Down Syndrome is associated with Chromosome 21, also known as Trisomy 21. According to the genetics of the disease, it is caused by the excessive production of the genes, leading to overexpression.

How it is Inherited
Down Syndrome is not typically inherited, although a parent with the disorder can increase the chance of their child having it. It usually occurs from a mistake in cell division (any extra genes on Chromosome 21).

People with the Disease
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1 in 691 people are born with Down Syndrome, making it one of the most common disorders amongst humans. There are no specific groups, races, or ethnicities that contract the disease more than others.

Work Cited
Pictures:
 * Liptak, Gregory S (December 2008). [|"Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21; Trisomy G)"]. //Merck Manual// . [] . "Symptoms"
 * [|"Facts About Down Syndrome"]. National Association for Down Syndrome . [].
 * Richard Urbano (9 September 2010). [|//Health Issues Among Persons With Down Syndrome//]. Academic Press. pp. 100–. ISBN 978-0-12-374477-7 . [].
 * "Genetic People." //Genetic People RSS//. LC, 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.
 * //File:Down Syndrome Karyotype.png//. 2006. Photograph. National Human Genome Research Institute, 23 June 2006. Web. 10 Feb. 2013.

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